Unit 5. Energy

The TEST will be next Friday 21st April 2023

FORMS OF ENERGY

• CHEMICAL ENERGY: is stored in some substances. This energy can be stored in batteries. 
• ELECTRICAL ENERGY: is the movement of charged particles between two different places. Electricity travels through metal cables.
• SOUND ENERGY: is made by vibrations travelling through the air, a liquid or a solid object.
• THERMAL ENERGY: gives us heat. It is related to the movement of atoms in an object that increases the temperature of the object.
• NUCLEAR ENERGY: is stored in the atomic structure of matter. We can obtain it breaking down radioactive materials. 
• RADIANT ENERGY: are electromagnetic waves. An example is LIGHT.
• MECHANICAL ENERGY: is the energy that produces movement.

           Kinetic energy: is the energy that results from the motion of an object.

          Potential energy: : is the energy that results from the position of an object.

ENERGY TRASFORMATION

Energy can´t disappear, energy can be transformed from one type of energy to another.

Chemical energy: from fuel and diesel can be transformed into mechanical energy and thermal energy.

Electrical energy: can be transformed into kinetic and thermal energy.

Light energy: can be transformed into electrical energy using solar panels.

ENERGY IN FOODThe chemical energy stored in food is measured in calories. The more calories, the more energy the food contains.

SOURCES OF ENERGY

We get energy from nature. 

Energy can be:

RENEWABLE FORMS OF ENERGY: is obtained from sources that are unlimited.

• HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY: comes from the movement of water. It is collected in a reservoir and then passes through a turbine. When the turbine moves, it generates electrical energy.
• SOLAR ENERGY: comes from the Sun. Solar panels transform that energy into electrical energy.
• WIND ENERGY: comes from the movement of air. The kinetic energy from the wind moves a turbine and generates electrical energy.
• BIOFUELS: are obtained from plants and animal products. They are burned in power stations to produce electrical energy. They can be:Biomass: solidBioliquids: liquidBiogases: gas

NON-RENEWBLE FORMS OF ENERGY: is obtained from sources that are limited and they will run out.

• PETROLEUM: is a black liquid that forms from decayed plants and animals. It is the source of FUEL, DIESEL and PETROL.
• NATURAL GAS: is a mixture of gases that have formed from decayed living things. It is found underground.
• COAL: is formed from decayed plants. Coal is used as a fuel.URANIUM: is a radioactive metal found in some rocks. It is used in nuclear power stations to produce heat.

PROTECTING OUR PLANET

We need to save energy to protect our planet.

What problems do non-renewable energy sources cause?They are limited, so they will run out.

They produce pollutant gases:carbon dioxide causes global warming. 

Carbon dioxide traps the heat from the Earth and this causes that our planet becomes warmer every year and glaciers are melting and the sea levels are increasing causing floods and extreme weather. 

Nitrogen oxide causes acid rain. 

Water in the atmosphere dissolves polluting gases producing acids, when it rains these droplets fall to the ground and causes damages.

THE THREE R´S

• REDUCE: buy products that don´t have a lot of packaging.
• RECYCLE: separate rubbish and put them into the correct bin.                                                                            Green container: glass                                                                                                                                            Blue container: paper and cardboard                                                                                                              Yellow container: cans and plastics.                                                                                                                   Orange container: rubbish                                                                                                                                  Brown container: organic food.
• REUSE: use plastic, glass and metal containers again and again.

WHAT IS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT?

Sustainable development refers to the growth of the population and the economy in a way which will not lead to the destruction of the environment in the future.

Green buildings consume less energy because:They use renewable sources of energy such as solar panels.They have green roof that controls the amount of heat escaping from the house and collects water from the rain.They save energy and reduce the amount of waste.