UNIT 2.THE ECONOMYTHE THREE SECTORS

The economy is a system that involves transforming raw materials into manufactured products and buying and selling products or services. The economy is divided into 3 main sectors:

PRIMARY SECTOR: provides the raw materials from the nature. Examples: agriculture, farming, mining, forestry and fishing.
SECONDARY SECTOR: uses raw materials to produce manufactured products in factories and workshops.
TERTIARY SECTOR: sells products and provides services. Examples: doctors, teachers, supermarkets…

PRIMARY SECTOR

AGRICULTURE is the cultivation of crops. There are two types:
Dry farming	Irrigated farming
Only water from the rain Large fields to grow big crops. Most important ones: wheat, olives and grapes.	There are irrigation systems Small fields to grow lots of crops. Most important ones: tomatoes, beans, melons…

LIVESTOCK FARMING is the raising of animals for food and other products (milk, eggs, meat, wool, leather…). There are two types:
EXTENSIVE FARMING	INTENSIVE FARMING
Farmers raise their livestock in large fields or open pastures. Animals eat what grows in the nature. An example is the Iberian pig.	Farmers raise their livestock in stables or indoors pens. Farmers give food to the animals. An example is milk cows.

FISHING
COASTAL FISHING	DEEP –SEA FISHING
This is next to the coast Fishermen use small boats They return to the port at the end of the day	This is far from the coast Fishermen use large ships. They work for weeks or months.

MINING is the extraction of rocks and minerals from the ground. The most common mineral in Spain is granite, marble and slate.
UNDERGROUND MINES	OPENCAST MINES and QUARRIES
Miners work deep under the ground, tunnels or caves.	Miners work in large open-air pits

FORESTRY is the growing of trees and maintenance of forests to obtain plan products(wood, cork, resin…)

Forestry activities in Spain are in Galicia, León and País Vasco. The main trees are:

Pine
Oak
Eucalyptus
Beech
Holm Oak

SECONDARY SECTOR The secondary sector uses raw materials to produce manufactured products. There are different types of products:

INTERMEDIATE PRODUCTS: these products are used by other industries to make other products.
For example the steel industry transforms iron into steel and then other industries use the iron to make cars and buses.
CONSUMER PRODUCTS: these products are sold directly to the consumers. For example the food industry.